黄果酸浆花萼发育的形态解剖学观察
董美芳，张从顺黄果酸浆花萼发育的形态解剖学观察
董美芳，张从顺
（河南大学 生命科学学院，河南 开封 475004）
摘 要 黄果酸浆（Physalis alkekengiL. var. francheti Mast.）为茄科（Solanaceae）酸浆属（Physalis）多年生草本植物，因宿存膨大的花萼这种新颖结构，引起了人们对其的广泛关注。对酸浆不同发育时期的花萼进行形态学、表面微形态学和解剖学观察，结果表明：1）在蕾期花萼生长较为明显，开花期间不再生长，而在果实发育期迅速膨大；2）花蕾期花萼具表皮毛，但盛花期时完全退化；3）发育过程中内外表皮细胞大小、形状均发生明显变化，但内外表皮特点有所不同；4）萼片由表皮、叶肉、叶脉三部分组成，叶肉更倾向于海绵组织的特点，主脉发达，具双韧维管束。本文观察其花萼发育的动态过程，为花器官发育的分子机制研究提供形态解剖学依据。
关键词 黄果酸浆；花萼；形态学；解剖学
中图分类号：Q944.4 文献标识码：A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2016.05.013
Morphologic observation and anatomical study on the development of calyx in Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti Mast.
DONG Mei-fang , ZHANG Cong-shun
(College of life science, Henan university, KaifengHenan 475004, China)
Abstracat As a perennial herbaceous plant in Solanaceae Physalis, Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti Mast. caused widespread attention due to its novel structure “persistent calyx”. Morphological, micro-morphological and anatomical features were observed. The results showed: 1) The growth of calyx was obvious during bud stage. The growth of calyx is very limited during the flowering period. But it had a rapid growth during the fruit development; 2) There were many epidermis hairs in the calyx during bud stage, but they degraded completely during the flowering period; 3) During the development period, the size and shape of internal and external epidermal cells changed obviously, but the characteristics of the internal and external epidermal were different; 4) The sepals consists of epidermis, mesophyll, and vein. The mesophyll tends to have the properties of spongy tissue. Its main vein with bicollateral vascular bundle was very developed.
Keywords Physalis alkekengiL. var. francheti Mast.；calyx；morphology；anatomy
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