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高熵合金的成分不均匀性及其特点

祁 糈，陈雨洁，方 研，余 倩*
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2024年 第43卷 第5期: 1000-6281（2024）05-595-010     下载地址：

高熵合金的成分不均匀性及其特点

祁  糈，陈雨洁，方  研，余  倩*

（1. 浙江大学材料科学与工程学院，硅及先进半导体材料全国重点实验室，电子显微镜中心，浙江杭州310027；2.清华大学材料学院，北京电子显微镜中心，北京100084；3. 香港大学机械工程系，香港 999077）

摘  要        高熵合金由于其优异的力学性能而获得了极大的关注。然而理想固溶体模型往往无法完全准确描述和解析其性能的来源。由于高熵合金中合金元素种类多，数量大，导致其晶格的结构特征可能出现与传统合金不同。近年来，大量实验和理论研究结果均证明了高熵合金中普遍存在元素分布非均匀性，可能是高熵合金的宏观力学性能有异于传统合金的重要原因。因此，本文从高熵合金中的成分涨落、短程有序和纳米析出相三个角度出发讨论，分析了元素分布不均匀性对其变形机制以及力学性能的影响，并对未来高强度、高塑性高熵合金的发展进行了展望。

关键词   高熵合金；浓度波动；短程有序；力学性能与变形机制

中图分类号：TG139；TG113；TG115.21+5.3   文献标识码：A       doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2024.05.009

   

The composition heterogeneity and characteristics of high entropy alloys

QI Xu1，CHEN Yujie 2，FANG Yan 3，YU Qian 1*

(1. Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027; 2.Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084；3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

Abstract    High entropy alloys (HEAs) have garnered immense attention due to their superior mechanical properties. However, the ideal solid-solution model often fails to adequately describe and resolve the sources of these properties. The multitude of alloying elements and their quantities in HEAs leads to structural features in the lattice that may differ from those of traditional alloys. Extensive experimental and theoretical research in recent years has confirmed the widespread presence of heterogeneity in chemical distributions in HEAs, which might be a significant reason for their mechanical properties diverging from those of conventional alloys. Hence, this article discussed high entropy alloys from the perspectives of chemical fluctuations, short-range order, and nanoprecipitate phases. It analyzed how the non-uniform distribution of elements affected their deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties. Additionally, it offers a prospect for developing HEAs with enhanced strength and ductility in the future.

Keywords  high entropy alloy; concentration fluctuation; short-range order; deformation mechanism and mechanical property

 

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