中国南方高成熟泥页岩有机质微观特征研究

中国南方高成熟泥页岩有机质微观特征研究

焦淑静，梁萍萍，郭 伟，周晓峰

(1.中国石油大学(北京)新能源与材料学院，北京 102249；2.中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京100083；3.中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院，北京 102249)

摘    要  页岩有机质孔隙对页岩气勘探开发有着重要的指示作用，对页岩气生成及运移机理的认知有着重要意义，是研究人员关注的焦点问题。本文采用自然断面制样方法，利用扫描电镜对中国南方高成熟泥页岩进行观察研究发现，有机质主要以三种形态存在于页岩中，一种是细微的颗粒状，微粒尺寸约10~100 nm，与周围矿物界限不明显；一种是呈块状，尺寸多超过10 μm，断口表面光滑；一种是部分保留生物形态的有机质，从数量而言以前两种为主。结合有机质成因及特征，作者对其进行分类：第一种为干酪根，第二种为沥青，第三种为生物碎屑。干酪根和沥青中都可能生成孔隙，干酪根内孔隙尺寸较小，形态不规则，沥青中的孔隙尺寸较大，呈气泡状，孔壁较圆滑。因为在泥页岩中干酪根占比比固体沥青多，而且高成熟度的页岩中干酪根中普遍发育孔隙，沥青中较少发育孔隙，所以干酪根孔隙是有机质孔隙的主体。

关键词    高成熟；页岩；有机质孔隙；有机质类型；干酪根；沥青；扫描电镜

中图分类号：P618.1；TE311；TG115.21⁺5.3     文献标识码：A            doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6281.2024.03.007

Study on the microscopic characteristics of organic matter in highly mature shale in South China

JIAO Shujing¹，LIANG Pingping²，GUO Wei²，ZHOU Xiaofeng³

( 1. College of New Energy and Material，China University of Petroleum，Beijing 102249；2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration &Development，Beijing 100083; 3. College of Petroleum Engineering，China University of Petroleum，Beijing 102249，China)

Abstract    The pores in the shale organic matter play an important role in the shale gas exploration and development. They have an important significance in understanding the formation and the migration mechanism of shale gas. In this paper, scanning electron microscope was used to observe and study the highly mature shale in southern China. The organic matter existed in the shale in three forms. The first one was the fine granular with the particle size of 10 ~ 100 nm. The boundary of the organic matter with surrounding minerals was not clear. The second one was blocky with the size exceeding 10 μm. The fracture surface was smooth. The third one was the organic matter that partially retained the biological form. The first two forms have dominated quantities. Based on the origin and characteristics of organic matter, they can be classified into kerogen, asphalt and bioclastic. Pores can be generated in kerogen and asphalt. The pore size is small in the kerogen with an irregular shape. The pore size is large in the asphalt with a bubble-like smooth shape.

Keywords     high maturity; shale; organic matter pores; organic matter type; kerogen; bitumen; scanning electron microscope (SEM)

“全文下载请到同方知网，万方数据库或重庆维普等数据库中下载！”

[1]  肖贤明，王茂林，魏强，等．中国南方下古生界页岩气远景区评价[J]．天然气地球科学，2015，26（8）：1433-1445．

[2]  邹才能，杨智，张国生，等．常规-非常规油气“有序聚集”理论认识及实践意义[J]．石油勘探与开发，2014，41（1）：14-27．

[3]  张金川，徐波，聂海宽，等．中国页岩气资源勘探潜力[J]．天然气工业，2008，28（6）：136-140．

[4]  于炳松．页岩气储层孔隙分类方案与表征[J]．地学前缘，2013，20（4）：211-220．

[5]  FISHMAN N S, HACKLEY P C, LOWERS H A. The nature of porosity in organic rich mudstones of Uper Jurassic Kimmeridge clay formation, North sea, offshore United Kingdom[J].  International Journal of Coal Geology, 2010, 103:32-50．

[6]  CURTIS M E, CARDOTT B J, SONDERGELD C H. Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].  International Journal of Coal Geology,  2012,103:26-31．

[7]  LOUCKS R G, REED R M, RUPPEL S C et al.  Morpholgy, genesis, and distribution of nanometer scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale[J].  Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2009, 79:848-861．

[8]  CURTIS M E, AMBROSE R J.  Investigation of the relationship between organic porosity and thermal maturity in the Marcellus Shale[C]. North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition ．Woodlands, Texas, USA：SPE -144370, 2011:1-4．

[9]  SCHIEBER J.  Common themes in the formation and preservation of intrinsic porosity in shales and mudstones –Illustrated with examples across the phanerozoic[C]. Paper presented at the Unconventional Gas Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: SPE-132370,2010:1-10．

[10]  BERNARD S, WIRTH R, SCHREIBER A, et al. Formation of nanoporous pyrobitumen residues during maturation of the Barnett Shale (Fort Worth Basin) [J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 103:3-11．

[11]  REED R M, LOUCKS R G, RUPPEL S C. Comment “Formation of nanoporous pyrobitumen residues during maturation of the Barnett Shale (Fort Worth Basin)”by Bernard et al[J].  International Journal of Coal Geology, 2013, 127 : 111–113．

[12]  曹涛涛，刘光祥，曹清古，等．有机显微组成对泥页岩有机孔发育的影响-以川东地区海陆过渡相龙潭组泥页岩为例[J]．石油与天然气地质，2018，39(1）:40-53．

[13] CARDOTT B J, LANDIS C R, CURTIS M E. Post-oil solid bitumen network in the Woodford Shale, USA- A potential primary migration pathway[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology ,2015,139:106-113．

[14] 腾格尔，卢龙飞，俞凌杰，等．页岩有机质孔隙形成、保持及其连通性的控制作用[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021, 48(4):687-699．

[15]  LIU B, SCHIEBER J, MASTALERZ M. Petrographic and micro-FTIR study of organic matter in the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale during thermal maturation: Implications for kerogen transformation[C]. Tulsa Oklahoma, USA: AAPG, 2019:165–188．

[16]  HACKLEY P C, CARDOTT B J. 2016, Application of organic petrography in North American shale petroleum systems: A review[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2016, 163:8−51．

[17]  CAMP W K. Diagenetic evolution of organic matter cements: Implications for unconventional shale reservoir quality prediction. [C]. Tulsa Oklahoma, USA: AAPG, 2019:209–224．

[18] BERNARD S，WIRTH Ｒ，SCHREIBER A，et al.  Formation of nanoporous pyrobitumen residues during maturation of the BarnettShale (Fort Worth Basin) [J]．International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 103: 3–11．

[19]  王朋飞，金璨，吕鹏，等．高过成熟度海相页岩固体干酪根和焦沥青有机质孔隙发育及演化特征[A]. 第31届全国天然气学术年会论文集[C]．安徽：中国学术期刊电子出版社，2019：5-10．

 [20]  蔡潇，王亮，靳雅夕，等．渝东南地区页岩有机孔隙类型及特征[J]．天然气地球科学，2016，27( 3) : 513-519．

[21]  DONG T，HARRIS N B，AYRANCI K，et al．Porosity characteristics of the Devonian Horn River shale，Canada: Insights from lithofacies classification and shale composition[J]．International Journal of Coal Geology，2015，141/142( 3) : 74-90．

[22]  赵建华，金之钧，金振奎，等．岩石学方法区分页岩中有机质类型[J]. 石油实验地质, 2016, 38(4):514-520．

[23]  丁江辉，张金川，杨超，等．页岩有机孔成因演化及影响因素探讨[J]．南石油大学学报（自然科学版）2019, 41（2）:33-44．

[24]  REED R M, LOUCKS R G.  Low-thermal-maturity (<0.7% VR) mudrock pore systems: Mississippian Barnett Shale, southern Fort Worth Basin[J].  Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Journal, 2015, 4:15-28．

[25]  ROBERT G L, ROBERT M R. Scanning-electron-microscope petrographic evidence for distinguishing organic-matter pores associated with depositional organic matter versus migrated organic matter in mudrocks[J]. GCAGS，2014(3):51-60．

[26]  高凤琳，王成锡，宋岩，等．氩离子抛光—场发射扫描电镜分析方法在识别有机显微组分中的应用[J]．石油实验地质，2021，43（2）：360-367．

[27]  王子涵，高平，冯越，等，川东地区五峰—龙马溪组超深层页岩孔隙结构特征及主控因素[J]．东北石油大学学报，2023，47（01）：57-69．

[28]  VALENTINE B J, HACKLEY P C. Applications of correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) to organic matter in the North American shale petroleum systems.[C]. Tulsa Oklahoma, USA: AAPG, 2019:1-18．

[29]  焦淑静，韩辉，翁庆萍，等．页岩孔隙结构扫描电镜分析方法研究[J]．电子显微学报，2012，31( 5) : 432-436．

[30]  焦淑静，张慧，薛东川．泥页岩样品自然断面与氩离子抛光扫描电镜制样方法的比较与应用[J]．电子显微学报，2016，35( 6):544-549．

[31]  张慧，焦淑静，李贵红，等．非常规油气储层的扫描电镜研究[M]．北京: 地质出版社，2016: 87-88．

[32]  吴靖，胡宗全，谢俊，等．四川盆地及周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩有机质宏微观赋存机制[J]．地质勘探，2018, 38(8）：23-32．

[33]  焦淑静，张慧，薛东川，等．泥页岩有机显微组分的扫描电镜形貌特征及识别方法[J]．电子显微学报，2018，37(2):137-144．

[34]  金之钧，胡宗全，高波，等．川东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素[J]．地学前缘，2016，23（1）：1-10．

[35]  李双建，袁玉松，孙炜，等．四川盆地志留系页岩气超压形成与破坏机理及主控因素[J]．天然气地球科学，2016，27（5）：924-931．

[36]  邱楠生，冯乾乾，腾格尔，等．川东南丁山地区燕山期—喜马拉雅期差异构造－热演化与页岩气保存[J]．石油学报，2020，41（12）：1610-1622．

[37]  聂海宽，张光荣，李沛，等．页岩有机孔研究现状和展望[J]．石油学报，2022，43（12）：1770-1787．

[38]  NIE H K, JIN Z J, SUN C X, et al. Organic matter types of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin, South China: Implications for the formation of organic matter pores[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2019, 33（9）：8076-8100.

[39]  蔡潇，王亮，靳雅夕，等．渝东南地区页岩有机孔隙类型及特征[J]．天然气地球科学，2016，27（3）：847-851．

[40]  卢双舫，张敏．油气地球化学［M］．北京: 石油工业出版社，2008: 64．

[41]  曾溅辉，朱志强，吴琼，等．烃源岩的有机酸生成及其影响因素的模拟实验研究[J]．沉积学报，2007，25（6）：847-851．

[42]  秦建中，申宝剑，付小东，等．中国南方海相优质烃源岩超显微有机岩石学与生排烃潜力[J]．石油与天然气地质，2010，31（6）：826-837．

[43]  罗情勇，郝婧玥，李可文，等．下古生界有机质成熟度评价新参数：笔石表皮体光学特征再研究[J]．地质学报，2019，93（9）：2362-2371．